I know a lot of smart people.
I also know a lot of people who think they're smarter than they are (even the smart ones ... or, perhaps, especially the smart ones).
It's common. So common, in fact, that there's a name for it. The Dunning-Kruger Effect.
Have you ever met someone who's so confident about what they think that they believe they know more than an expert in a field? That's the Dunning-Kruger effect. It's defined as a cognitive bias where a lack of self-awareness prevents someone from accurately assessing their own skills. It's getting increasingly more common.
Here's a graph that shows the general path a person takes on their journey towards mastery of a subject.
via NC Soy
It can be funny or frustrating to see (or be) the "victims" of this effect in our daily lives.
Humans seem prone to overestimating their knowledge and abilities. It's probably more a result of ignorance than stupidity.
Even if you are familiar with the cognitive bias caused by the Dunning-Kruger Effect, you are not immune to it — because you don't know what you don't know.
Two different ways that people get it wrong, first is to think about other people and it’s not about me. The second is thinking that incompetent people are the most confident people in the room, that’s not necessarily true.
Usually, that shows up in our data, but they are usually less confident than the really competent people but not that much... - David Dunning
It should be a reminder to reflect inward, not cast aspersions outward.
To close out, even this article on the Dunning-Kruger effect presents a simplification of its findings. First off, the above image isn't actually a part of the paper on the Dunning-Kruger Effect (though it is ironically so prevalent that people often report that it is). Furthermore, the connection between a lack of ability and the inability to engage in meta-cognitive tasks is intuitive, but it is not the only potential takeaway from the paper. It's worth a read if you have the time.
Regardless, I think it's clear we are all victims of an amalgam of different cognitive biases.
We judge ourselves situationally, and assume "the best" of ourselves. Meanwhile, we often assume "the worst" of others.
We can do better ... it starts with awareness.
Progress starts by telling the truth.
How Has The Job Market Changed Since 1988?
1998 was a long time ago. My oldest son was just a twinkle in my eye. Michael Jackson was touring the world for his ‘Bad’ album, and ‘Rain Man’ topped the movie charts. It’s also the year that Microsoft Office was released.
A lot has changed since then. For obvious reasons, the U.S. labor market has changed radically since then ... but how different is it really?
The data comes from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, so we can assume it’s relatively accurate.
In 1988, consumer-facing roles, such as salespeople and cashiers, were the most common jobs in 46 states. Comparing that to 2024 highlights how much less reliance we have on brick-and-mortar stores.
While not entirely different, now fast food workers are the most common job in 15 states. This is unsurprising in light of the shift toward lower-wage & flexible-hour service jobs. Meanwhile, retail salespersons are still the top job in 11 states.
Operations managers, home health aides, and freight movers have made significant gains in the U.S. labor market.
I was surprised to see how many home health aides there were, but considering the aging U.S. population, it makes sense.
The U.S. is still clearly a consumer economy; however, the focus has switched towards logistics and supply chain, as people shop increasingly online.
I’ve been thinking a lot about the future of work. People talk about change, but so far, things have felt relatively stable. That’s about to shift. AI is advancing faster than most realize—we’re still early on the curve, but the steep climb is beginning.
We’re entering a phase where AI is no longer just a tool—it’s becoming a collaborator in both our personal and professional lives. This shift will reshape how we work, create, and make decisions. For business leaders, that means looking past the hype and focusing on real value, workforce readiness, and building trust. For employees, it means adapting to a new kind of teamwork—one that includes AI as a core partner in creativity and productivity.
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