Capitalogix

US vs. The World

Here is a chart that looks at the top 100 companies from the perspective of the U.S. vs the rest of the world. 

Every year, PwC releases a list of the 100 biggest companies in the world by market cap. This year, Visual Capitalist put together a great visualization separating the companies into sector and country.

Click To See the Full Image. 

via visualcapitalist

The top 100 companies account for over $31.7 trillion in market cap. Unsurprisingly the U.S. takes the largest portion of the pie, but China continues to make headway. Though, the U.S. still accounts for 65% of the total market cap value of the top 100 companies. 

A lot of the staying power of the U.S. (and the fading of much of Europe) can be attributed to Tech and Retail giants like Apple and Walmart. 

I'll be interested to see how the numbers change as both Tech and Retail continue to grow as industries. Will other countries find a way to compete, or will the U.S. extend their lead?

Gartner's 2021 Hype Cycle For Emerging Technologies

Each year, I share an article about Gartner's Hype Cycle for Emerging Technologies. Here’s last year’s.

It's one of the few reports that I make sure to track every year. It does a good job of explaining what technologies are reaching maturity, and which technologies are being supported by the cultural zeitgeist. 

Technology has become cultural. It influences almost every aspect of everyday life.

Identifying which technologies are making real waves (and will impact the world) can be a monumental task. Gartner's report is a great benchmark to compare reality against. 

2021’s trends aren’t all that different from 2020 – but you can now find NFTs, digital humans, and physics-informed AI on the list. While there have been a lot of innovations, the industry movers have stayed the same - advanced AI and analytics, post-classical computing and communication, and the increasing ubiquity of technology (sensors, augmentation, IoT, etc.). 

What's a "Hype Cycle"?

As technology advances, it is human nature to get excited about the possibilities and to get disappointed when those expectations aren't met. 

At its core, the Hype Cycle tells us where in the product's timeline we are, and how long it will take the technology to hit maturity. It attempts to tell us which technologies will survive the hype and have the potential to become a part of our daily life. 

Gartner's Hype Cycle Report is a considered analysis of market excitement, maturity, and the benefit of various technologies.  It aggregates data and distills more than 2,000 technologies into a succinct and contextually understandable snapshot of where various emerging technologies sit in their hype cycle.

Here are the five regions of Gartner's Hype Cycle framework:

1. Innovation Trigger (potential technology breakthrough kicks off),
2. Peak of Inflated Expectations (Success stories through early publicity),
3. Trough of Disillusionment (waning interest),
4. Slope of Enlightenment (2nd & 3rd generation products appear), and
5. Plateau of Productivity (Mainstream adoption starts). 

Understanding this hype cycle framework enables you to ask important questions like "How will these technologies impact my business?" and "Which technologies can I trust to stay relevant in 5 years?"

That being said - it's worth acknowledging that the hype cycle can't predict which technologies will survive the trough of disillusionment and which ones will fade into obscurity. 

What's exciting this year?

Before I focus on this year, it's important to remember that in 2019 Gartner shifted towards introducing new technologies at the expense of technologies that would normally persist through multiple iterations of the cycle. This change is indicative of more innovation and more technologies being introduced than in the genesis of this report. Many of the technologies from the past couple of years (like Augmented Intelligence, 5G, biochips, the decentralized web, etc.) are represented within newer modalities or distinctions. 

It's also worth noting the impact of the pandemic on the prevalent technologies. 

For comparison, here's my article from 2019, and here's my article from 2015. Click on the chart below to see a larger version of this year's Hype Cycle.

via Gartner

Last year, the key technologies were bucketed into 5 major trends – but this year Gartner focused on 3 major themes.

• Engineering Trust represents technologies that create the infrastructure of trusted businesses. The emphasis is on security, reliability, and repeatability of practices. Change is hard, and so is the integration of new technologies into existing businesses. That’s why it’s important to do it right the first time to prevent technologies from being cost centers.  Sample technologies from this year’s hype cycle include real-time incident command centers, data fabric, and sovereign cloud. If I could include a technology not on the list – I’d heavily support the blockchain as an instrumental asset in this domain.
• Accelerating Growth is the second theme, and it builds on top of “Engineering Trust”. Once you have a good business core you can focus on driving organizational and industrial growth. Last year, "composite architectures" was a trend that emphasized the shift to agile/responsive architectures and decentralization. This year, many of the technologies gaining attention are AI-driven tools that can be applied to improve and accelerate human-facing support. Think HR training, customer service, and onboarding. As a culture, we’ve become more comfortable with the ubiquity of AI and technology, and while there are still ethical and societal roadblocks, you can expect many new use-cases to show up sooner rather than later. Sample technologies from this year’s hype cycle include digital humans, industry cloud, and quantum machine learning.  To see more of my thoughts on Accelerating Growth check out my article on “Turning Thoughts Into Things”.
• Sculpting Change is the third theme and closes off what I believe is a very strong thematic year from Gartner. The nexus of this theme is that change is disruptive and that many of the technologies we will gravitate toward will be attempting to create order from the chaos. This is especially important in the context of rapid innovation, societal changes, and Covid-19. The emphasis of these technologies is on generalized and reliable technologies that are less brittle and specific than our current uses. AI is already a massively exciting space, but many of the use cases are too specific to be useful. Sample technologies include physics-informed AI, composable applications, and influence engineering.

If we compare this year’s list to last year, I think we’ve seen a massive increase in the maturity of “Digital Me”, the integration of technology with people in both reality and virtual reality. But, we’ve seen less progress on “Beyond Silicon” despite the massive chip shortage. It’s a space I’m hoping to see more improvement in, fast, to meet increasing demand.

Of course, I’m always most interested in the intersection of AI and other spaces. Last year, many of the emerging trends were AI-centric, and this year it feels as if AI has become the underpinning of broader trends. In my opinion, this points towards the increasing maturity and adoption of AI. Models are becoming more generalized, and able to attack more problems. They're becoming integrated with human behavior and even with humans.

As we reach new echelons of AI, it's likely that you'll see over-hype and short-term failures. As you reach for new heights, you often miss a rung on the ladder... but it doesn't mean you stop climbing. More importantly, it doesn't mean failure or even a lack of progress.  Challenges and practical realities act as force functions that forge better, stronger, more resilient, and adaptable solutions that do what you wanted (or something better).  It just takes longer than you initially wanted or hoped.

To paraphrase a quote I have up on the wall in my office from Rudiger Dornbusch ... Things often take longer to happen than you think they will, and then they happen faster than you thought they could. 

Many of these technologies have been hyped for years - but the hype cycle is different than the adoption cycle. We often overestimate a year and underestimate 10. 

Which technologies do you think will survive the hype?

Confirmation Bias 101

Echo chambers and confirmation bias aren't new.

Recently, however, it seems that we are increasingly presented with issues divided into polar opposite points of view, with little to no tolerance for disagreement. 

Nonetheless, not all topics need to be debated or negotiated. 

Sometimes, a fact is a fact.

Hopefully, this video won't step on any toes - but if you're a "flat earther," I wouldn't watch. 

Here's a clip from Behind The Curve (a documentary on the flat earth society) that I think perfectly shows confirmation bias. 

 

via Behind The Curve

Start with the evidence and then form a conclusion. Doing that in reverse doesn't tend to work out as well.

As a polite reminder, if a conspiracy relies on millions of people (as well as different countries and organizations) to all commit to the disinformation campaign ... it's not likely true.

As Occam's razor states, the simplest explanation is often the correct one. 

GPT-3: Boom or Bust?

GPT-3 was released by OpenAI in 2020 - and was considered by many a huge jump in natural language processing. 

GPT stands for Generative Pre-trained Transformer. It uses deep learning to generate text responses based on an input text. Even more simply, it's a bot that creates a quality of text so high that it can be difficult to tell whether it's written by a human or an AI.

GPT-3 is 100x bigger than any previous language AI model and comes pre-trained on 45TB of training text (499 billion words). It cost at least 4.6 million US dollars (some estimated as high as $12 million) to train on GPUs. The resulting model has 175 billion parameters. On top of that, it can be tuned to your specific use after the fact. 

via Towards Data Science

Here are some interesting GPT-3 based tools: 

• Frase - AI-Curated SEO Content 
• Emerson - AI Chatbot
• Viable - Customer Feedback Analytics Platform
• Sapling- Customer Service

Practically, GPT-3 was a huge milestone. It represents a huge jump in NLP's capabilities and a massive increase in scale. That being said, there was a frenzy in the community that may not match the results. To the general public, it felt like a discontinuity; like a big jump toward general intelligence.  

To me, and to others I know in the space, GPT-3 represents a preview of what's to come. It's a reminder that Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) is coming and that we need to be thinking about the rules of engagement and ethics of AI before we get there. 

Especially with Musk unveiling his intention to build 'friendly' robots this week. 

On the scale of AI's potential, GPT-3 was a relatively small step. It's profoundly intelligent in many ways - but it's also inconsistent and not cognitively concrete enough.

Take it from me, the fact that an algorithm can do something amazing isn't surprising to me anymore ... but neither is the fact that an amazing algorithm can do stupid things more often than you'd suspect.  It is all part of the promise and the peril of exponential technologies.

It's hard to measure the intelligence of tools like this because metrics like IQ don't work.  Really it comes down to utility.  Does it help you do things more efficiently, more effectively, or with more certainty? 

For the most part, these tools are early. They show great promise, and they do a small subset set of things surprisingly well. If I think about them simply as a tool, a backstop, or a catalyst to get me moving when I'm stuck ... the current set of tools is exciting.  On the other hand, if you compare current tools to your fantasy of artificial general intelligence, there are a lot of things to be improved upon. 

Clearly, we are making progress. Soon, GPT-4 will take us further. In the meantime, enjoy the progress and imagine what you will do with the capabilities, prototypes, products, and platforms you predict will exist for you soon.

Onwards. 

Camp Kotok 2021

Each year I look forward to Camp Kotok, or as I like to call it Economists in Nature. It's basically 5 days of canoeing, fishing, and dining with economists, wealth managers, traders, investors and more. 

One of few chances for people from these backgrounds to come together and talk about the world, big trends, investing, economics, politics, and more ... in an open and safe forum. The event goes by the Chatham House Rule - which basically means you can share the information you receive, but not who said it. 

This year we talked about everything from China, digital currencies, the pandemic, and the state of markets. 

Interestingly, for all the takeaways I could focus on, the main takeaway was uncertainty. 

For all the intelligent and "in-the-know" people in the room, very few people had clear opinions of what was going to happen. There were too many variables at play, and while they posited a lot of potential paths, it feels like the general census was we're at a crossroads with many potential futures in front of us. 

Despite the general uncertainty in the room, it wasn't fear-laden. The general mood was optimistic, and for the most part, everyone sees paths toward economic success post-COVID.

With that said, when and what "post-COVID" means is another issue.

One of the other key discussions that came up often was the new generation of workers and their changing relationship with work. It's plain to see the rate of quitting is higher, that wages are rising, and it's getting hard to fill minimum wage jobs. It's hard to get employees back in an office space, and many are willing to take pay cuts or switch to other companies to stay at home. 

The long-term impact on our economy (and our culture) is yet to be seen.

We live in interesting times. 

As a bonus, here's an interview I shot at Camp Kotok in 2018 with Bob Eisenbeis,  Cumberland Advisors' Vice Chairman & Chief Monetary Economist.  Check it out.  

 

Cumberland Advisors via YouTube

What Technologies Are Going To Most Impact The Next 5-10 Years?

At a mastermind meeting last week, Landon Downs from 1Qbit spoke on the state of technology.  Landon and I agree on a lot of things - and one of those things he emphasized heavily.  AI is in a period of massive innovation. It's a renaissance, or springtime, or whatever euphemism you want to use. But it's only springtime for AI if you can take advantage of it.

Adding to that, he explained that a current constraint might become a big short-term limitation to how widespread AI can grow. The constraint is that there is a global chip shortage (and it could be an issue until 2023).

The chip shortage is probably a bigger problem than you imagine because microchips are in everything from refrigerators to toothbrushes - not just high-tech computers. This has the potential to be a massive disruptor, especially in the tech industry. 

Building and running smart AI systems takes a lot of computing power, and as more competitors enter the scene, not only will the cost to play increase, but so will the potential you get turned away at the door. 

To a certain extent, the AI arms race becomes a chip arms race. 

As I thought about the chip shortage, and its impact on the next few years, it also made me brainstorm what else I thought would be the most influential shifts that would influence me and my business (and potentially the world). 

Here's my top 5, and I'd love to hear yours. 

1. Compute Power is going to increase, and the ability to brute force problems will create new possibilities. Quantum computing will become more important and likely available for commercial use. 
2. New and better AI platforms will transition AI from a tool for specialists to a commodity for everyday people - it won't just be Artificial Intelligence, it will be Amplified Intelligence (helping people make better decisions, take smarter actions, and continually measure and improve performance). 
3. Blockchain and authenticated provenance are going to become more important as the world becomes increasingly digital. Trust and transparency will be important as indelible logs are needed for finance, medical, armies, etc.
4. IoT will become more pervasive, enabling near digital omniscience as everything becomes a sensor that transmits data up the chain. 
5. Mass customization will become the norm instead of simple mass production as hardware, data, and AI continues to improve products, medicine, custom supplements, and just about everything else. 

 

What do you think?  I'd love to hear your list.

Elon Musk and His Self Driving Cars

While self-driving cars seem like a relatively new invention, the reality is that the earliest autonomous self-driving cars existed in the early 1980s (non-autonomous versions and semi-workable experiments have existed since the 1920s). 

Luckily, the standards and approach have gotten much better since then, and we continue to make massive strides. Recently, Elon Musk stated that he was confident that level 5 self-driving cars would exist by the end of this year. That would mean the need for a steering wheel or a driver's seat would be next to 0 - a luxury even. 

 

via Stein Law

According to many AI experts, this is exciting because level 5 autonomy is not just difficult - it's near impossible. 

Think of it from a human perspective. When we're driving, many minute decisions happen instantaneously and without much trouble. But some of those decisions are "subjective" and seemingly novel. We know the answer because we intuit the answer - not because it's following any specific rule. 

For a car to reach level 5 autonomy, it would have to be pre-trained for essentially every possible situation they could encounter - no matter how rare. 

Elon Musk is famous for his potentially antagonizing beliefs and predilection for extreme statements ... but will Tesla somehow solve these problems?

Is AI about to pass another hurdle already?

It's exciting stuff! As someone that hates long drives, I'm certainly ready for it. I can also envision a future where the norm is autonomous driving, and individuals that want the right to drive their cars themselves will have to pass extra tests, pay extra fees, and warn the autonomous cars that it's a human at the wheel. 

The History of Innovation Cycles

In today's environment of rapid change, innovation is a topic worthy of increased thought, action, and discussion

Here are some articles worth a look to get started:

• Can You Afford To Think Linearly In This Exponential Age? 
• Gartner's 2020 Hype Cycle For Emerging Technologies
• Getting To Next: How Thoughts Become Things

Too often, people view Innovation through the lens of today (meaning, they evaluate where things are in relation to their hype cycle or adoption model. While helpful, these methods focus on shorter-term trends.  Sometimes, a longer view helps too. 

Let's look at the pace of innovation, and how the long waves of innovation are truncating faster. 

 

via Visual Capitalist

The theory behind these long waves of innovation is based on creative destruction. To summarize a complex theory, as markets are disrupted, a few key clusters of industries have a major effect on the economy and the future structure of society.

An easy-to-understand example is that as railways proliferated, urban growth happened around stations. To a lesser extent, it happened with aviation as well.

The most recent example would be the transition of businesses online. I think it's likely that the COVID pandemic moved forward the timeline for the 6th wave considerably, as individuals get used to a new normal. 

Despite the pain and challenges of new technologies, each of these waves brought economic growth and improved living standards. 

ESG and green tech are becoming more important (and, perhaps, a driver of the 6th wave).  Nonetheless, I think the major movers will be AI and the decreasing divide between digital and physical.

In many respects, I believe AI will terraform the world similarly to how electricity (or the Internet) did - but in much less time. 

What do you think? 

Speaking At The 13th Annual Rocky Mountain Economic Summit

The Rocky Mountain Economic Summit is one of my favorite events to attend each year.  It is hosted by the Global Interdependence Center and the Bronze Buffalo Club just outside Jackson Hole, Wyoming. 

Major media outlets like Bloomberg, Forbes, and Reuters cover the event live.

This year, some of the key speakers included Paul Ryan, Megan Greene, David Kotok, John Silvia, and Paul McCulley. 

I had the pleasure of speaking during their session on Cybersecurity and AI. The Global Interdependence Center also recorded our session, so I'm thankful to share it with you here. Let me know what you think. 

 

The mood was pretty optimistic and bullish. As you might expect, there was a growing interest in crypto and blockchain … and a growing sense of “us versus them” directed at China and Russia. We live in interesting times!

If you want to download my presentation slides, you can do that here. 

Tracking Ransomware Attacks

At the beginning of July, a ransomware attack on IT management company Kaseya's VSA systems by REvil, became big news after influencing over 1500 companies and millions of devices. 

It took 19 days before they had a solution that they received from a "trusted third party." It's believed that Kaseya got the decryptor either from paying the ransom or from the US or Russian governments. 

Unfortunately, ransomware attacks are becoming more common. To see more data on various known attacks, Information is Beautiful put together a great interactive visualization. 

via Information Is Beautiful

It's impossible to protect yourself completely, but there are a lot of simple things you can likely be doing better. 

• Use better passwords... Even better, don't even know them.  You can't disclose what you don't know.  Consequently, I recommend a password manager like LastPass or 1Password who can also suggest complex passwords for you. 
• Keep all of your software up to date (to avoid extra vulnerabilities)
• Don't use public wifi if you can help it (and use a VPN if you can't)
• Have a firewall on your computer and a backup of all your important data
• Never share your personal information on an e-mail or a call that you did not initiate - if they legitimately need your information, you can call them back
• Don't trust strangers on the internet (no, a Nigerian Prince does not want to send you money)
• Hire a third-party security company like eSentire or Pegasus Technology Solutions to help monitor and protect your corporate systems

How many cybersecurity measures you take comes down to two simple questions ... First, how much pain and hassle are you willing to deal with to protect your data? And, second, how much pain is a hacker willing to go through to get to your data?