"Chart of The Century": A Look At Inflation, Free Market Forces and Trade Wars.

This post considers the “Chart of the Century” created and named by Mark Perry, an economics professor and AEI scholar. This chart has gotten a lot of attention because it’s loaded with information regarding the types of challenges faced by the Fed and other Washington policymakers.

Perry’s most recent version reports price increases from 1998 through the end of 2019 for 14 categories of goods and services along with the average wage and overall Consumer Price Index.

It shows that prices of goods subject to foreign competition — think toys and television sets — have tumbled over the past two decades as trade barriers have come down around the world. Prices of so-called non-tradeables — hospital stays and college tuition, to name two — have surged.

From January 1998 to June 2019, the CPI for All Items increased by exactly 59.6% and the chart displays the relative price increases for 14 selected consumer goods and services and average hourly earnings.

Lines above the overall inflation line have become functionally more expensive over time, and lines below the overall inflation line have become functionally less expensive. So, for example, housing has approximately kept pace with inflation. 

Mark Perry Via Carpe Diem

There are a lot of ways to take this chart. You can point to items in red - whose prices have exceeded inflation as government-regulated or quasi-monopolies. You can point to items in blue as daily commodities that have suffered from ubiquity, are subject to free-market forces, or as goods that are subject to foreign competition and trade wars. Looking at the prices that decrease the most, they’re all technologies. New technologies almost always become cheaper as we optimize manufacturing, components become cheaper, and competition increases.  

Compare “tradable” goods like cell phones or TVs (with lots of competing products) to less tradable “goods” like hospital stays or college tuition, and unsurprisingly they’ve gone in opposite directions. 

There are a lot of complex economic relationships displayed in this chart, and we’ve only covered the basics. 

What did you take from the chart?

How do you think the Coronavirus will impact the future of policy - and the shape of this chart?