Business

  • Here Are Some Links For Your Weekly Reading – January 12th, 2024

    Here are some of the posts that caught my eye recently. Hope you find something interesting.

    Lighter Links:

    Trading Links:

  • How’d Markets Do In 2024

    At the beginning of 2024, I asked the question – how did markets do in 2023?

    It makes sense to ask the same question as we start 2025. 

    Before I get started, it’s worth stating that the market is not the economy … but with Trump about to step into office, I know people are wondering. 

    I still think about the often-quoted quip “It's the economy, stupid” – coined by James Carville, a strategist in Bill Clinton’s successful 1992 U.S. presidential election against incumbent George H. W. Bush.

    2022 was the worst year for the U.S. stock market since the 2008 financial crisis.

    2023 was much better, but much of the gains came in concentrated sectors.  

    2024 saw nearly every sector posting gains – driven primarily by AI enthusiasm and a robust U.S. economy. 

    To help you get a sense of 2024 returns, VisualCapitalist put together a few helpful infographics.

     

    via visualcapitalist

    66% of companies on the S&P ended up in positive territory this year. The S&P also had its best two-year stretch since the late 90s. 

    Communication Services usurped IT’s #1 spot, driven primarily by Meta & Google. Strong consumer spending and digital ad revenue brought ad spending to almost $400 billion. 

    Materials was the only sector to see negative returns, hampered by China’s economic slowdown and increased interest rates. 

    Here is a more global look at return by asset class.

     

    Vertical graphic with icons showing asset class returns in 2024.

    via visualcapitalist

    Driven by that end-of-year run, Bitcoin surged to all-time highs, and gold also saw its best performance in 14 years. Meanwhile, bonds suffered heavily amid reflationary concerns and a potential widening deficit under the Trump administration.

    In 2024, I predicted a brief market correction, blamed on various geopolitical instabilities and partisan weaknesses, followed by a long and steady push higher as the November elections approached.

    How did that prediction hold up? I'd say pretty well. 

    On one level, I try not to think about or predict markets (because I know better). On another level, sometimes I can’t help myself …

    Part of me is so bullish about AI (and its impact on other things) that it’s hard to maintain objectivity. With that said, I think we’ll have another decent year. However, I expect increased volatility and noise.

    What do you expect for 2025?

    Do you think the continued investment into generative AI will impact these trends?

    Will cryptocurrency continue to explode? What scenarios do you think have the potential to be force multipliers?

  • How To Achieve Your Personal Goals in 2025

    A few weeks ago, I shared an article about annual planning (and how Capitalogix does it.) 

    This week, I want to discuss setting and meeting goals. 

    I'm a big-picture guy, and I spend a lot of my time thinking about longer-term possibilities, but it's also important to think about your strategy for the coming year. I tend to break that up by Quarters. Lower timeframes than that are more tactical, and I consider that short-term planning or scheduling.

    I think of it like using a map. To find the best route, you must start by figuring out where you are and where you want to be.

     

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    Activity, alone, isn't as important as many people hope. Think of it this way … from where you are, there are infinite potential paths – but motion in a particular direction isn't "progress" if it doesn't take you toward your desired destination.

    The right action is far more valuable than merely taking action … and that means beginning with the end in mind. You are unlikely to hit the target if you aren't aiming at it.

    Resolutions only work if you actually "want" to make them happen. It's one thing to hope that something happens; it's another to commit to making it happen. 

    With that said, here are some tips. 

    • Focus on What You Want.
    • Focus on Why You Want It.
    • Focus on Ways You Might Get it.
    • Focus on Evidence of Progress.

    Below, I'll take you through an example of each of the four steps.

    Moving Towards a Solution, Rather Than Suffering From the Problem.

    Like many people, I have three distinct collections of clothes: my "fat clothes," what I'm currently wearing, and my aspirational wardrobe. This personal reality reflects how our current state often sits between where we've been and where we want to go. Before I started getting healthy, my first instinct was to think, "I need to lose weight." Knowing that "you're fat" isn't helpful … my head quickly translated that to something a tad more positive yet generic, like: "I choose to be healthy and vital and to live a healthy lifestyle."

    Blah, blah … They are just words. What I needed was something specific, measurable, and actionable. How about: "I will lose 15 pounds and stop eating after dinner?" OK, but that isn't inspiring, and there isn't much for me to do. I can do better than that—and I need to—if I want to commit to the outcome.

    Figure-Out a Big Enough WHY, Rather Than Worrying about the HOW's.

    This post isn't about health and fitness; it is about the mindset and techniques for setting empowering goals and plans in any situation.

    So, while I could list many ways to lose weight (and I might even remember to do some of them), leveraging a driving force creates momentum. In other words, the first step in "Doing" is knowing WHY you want something.

    I really do want to be healthy, fit, and vital (it sure beats the alternatives), and I want to have the energy and confidence to live and enjoy my life fully. The world is my playground, and I want to take advantage of more opportunities to play with family and friends. However, to do those things, I must find better and more sustainable ways to live a healthy lifestyle.

    The WHYs are just as important for business goals, too.

    Focus on Potential Solutions Rather than Problems or Challenges.

    Obstacles Exist. The bad news: I don't eat fish, and I don't like vegetables (unless French Fries are vegetables). My joints aren't close to healthy from years of violent contact sports. I rarely get 7 hours of sleep, and being the CEO of a startup is stressful. The good news: none of those things matter, and even if they did, it just would mean that I have a lot of room for progress.

    It is natural to focus on obstacles, but most obstacles are surmountable—with a big enough WHY, I might even choose to start eating vegetables. Instead of dwelling on limitations, use them as a reminder to focus on potential solutions. They are beacons pointing the way.

    How do you do it? To focus on solutions, you can make two action-based lists: one is of things To-Do … and another is of things Not-To-Do.

    Here are some of the sample To-Do Items:

    • I will drink more water than coffee.
    • I will stretch or do basic calisthenics on days I don't go to the gym.
    • I will make a healthy shake as a meal replacement rather than a snack or mini-meal.
    • I will focus on relaxation and meditation as much as I focus on strength & physical exercises.

    Here is the actionable list of Not-To-Do Items.

    • I will not buy bigger pants or wear stretchy pants because of an expanding waistline.
    • I will not eat snacks out of their container – and will portion out what I want first.
    • I will not compare my current level of fitness to what I used to be able to do. Instead, I will focus on my actions and improvement.

    Create Healthier Habits.

    It is easy to follow a routine. So, here's another tip … make your routine better. Here are some examples of things you could do to make 'being healthier' happen with less effort.

    • Pre-sort your vitamins into daily doses, and keep them by the coffee machine.
    • Buy healthy snacks, like fruit, raw nuts, or organic energy bars (instead of chips).
    • Enjoy listening to music or a book/podcast during your "exercise time." Dedicating time to something doesn't mean you can't be multitasking.
    • Choose to walk the dogs or park at the end of the parking lot, so you get to walk.
    • Meet with friends at the gym or a hiking spot rather than at a bar or restaurant.

    You get the idea. Get in the habit of looking for ways to create better habits. What habits could you alter slightly to make a big difference? Which things can you automate or outsource?

    For three books about the subject, I recommend Tiny Habits by B.J. Fogg, Willpower Doesn't Work by Benjamin Hardy, or Atomic Habits by James Clear. 

    Focus on Your Progress.

    In this case, it really is about the journey. Instead of tracking how far you have to go … notice how far you've come. Utilize an internal locus of control. It is about creating energy, momentum, and a sense of possibility. You may have a big, hairy, audacious goal in mind. That's fine, as long as you realize that reaching each milestone along the way is still an accomplishment.

    • Find shoes that don't hurt your feet.
    • Pick a gym or a personal trainer that you enjoy.
    • Run more than two laps without stopping.

    It doesn't matter what they are … they all count as long as you know you are moving in the right direction.

    Summary

    The point of this exercise was not really to focus on fitness. These techniques and goal-setting tools work in any situation. The principles are:

    1. First, determine what you want and why it is important. Then, focus on only the few things that are truly important to you. 
    2. Second, find something you can do right now that will move you in the right direction.
    3. Third, notice which things create (rather than take) energy. Spend your time on those, and automate or create routines to take care of the rest.
    4. Fourth, plan forward but measure backward. Set milestones so that you can recognize and celebrate your progress.

    In my business, this translates to having a mission and vision – defining what we want, why it's important, and the basic strategy to achieve it. Then, we create yearly "Big 3" goals that move us toward that long-term vision. Then, the team creates SMARTs (goals that are specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, and timely) and KPIs (key performance indicators) or OKRs (Objectives and Key Results) that measure evidence of success. Doing those things lets the team know where to spend their time and whether they're on the right track.

    It isn't magic, but it works.

    Hope this helped.

    If you're interested, here are a few more articles I've written on health and longevity. 

    Onwards!

  • The Reverse Turing: Advanced AIs Trying To Figure Out Who Is Human

    The Turing Test, originally called the Imitation Game, tests a machine's ability to emulate a human. Developed in 1949, it is still a relevant test for AI. The Turing Test measures both knowledge and the ability to express it in a manner indistinguishable from a human response.

    There is no agreed-upon definition for intelligence, so we can only approximate what skills we test AI on. 

    While many people still believe they can tell when an AI has written something, several LLMs (like ChatGPT) have passed modern versions of the Turing Test. Many, including me, would argue LLMs still can't consistently pass the test. 

    But what about the alternative? Could you convince an AI that you're not human?

    Recently, a video went viral, showing a human pitting himself in VR against an AI version of Aristotle, Mozart, Leonardo da Vinci, Cleopatra, and Genghis Khan (who was played by a human).

     

    via Tore Knabe

    To set up the test, the human scripted the beginning and end of the dialogue and gave the AI agents a full transcript of the conversation up to that point. The entire video then played out in one recording, with no cuts.

    In this "reverse" Turing test, the chatbots were scripted using various LLMs, asked questions, and then challenged to guess who the human was. Tore Knabe, the virtual reality game developer who devised the test and played the Genghis Khan role, answered one of the questions with a quote from Conan the Barbarian. 

    "What a leader should do is to crush his enemies, see them driven before him, and hear the lamentations of their women."

    Listening to his stuttered response, contrasted by the clunky and verbose AI responses, makes it very apparent to us, the audience, that he's human. The machines voted three-to-one that his response wasn't "nuanced or strategic" enough to represent an AI modeled on Genghis Khan's exploits. To ease your mind about hidden variables, the AIs weren't processing his voice directly. The audio was transcribed and sent to the AIs as text. 

    Ultimately, this is a flawed test, and we don't really know how much of this is an actual test (versus just entertainment). In any case, it's still an interesting thought experiment. 

    Do you think you could fool an AI? What if you had time to craft a response without penalty? What if your life was on the line?

    For a bonus, here's a social Turing game where you can chat with someone for two minutes and try to figure out if it is a human or an AI. 

    We live in interesting times!

  • Making The Intangible … Tangible

    I remember getting excited when my son finally seemed smart enough that I believed he was more intelligent than our dog. For the record, it took longer than I thought it would.

    Likewise, human and chimpanzee infants start out remarkably similar in their early development. But here's where it gets interesting – their developmental paths take dramatically different turns once human babies begin acquiring language. This cognitive fork in the road fundamentally shapes their future capabilities.

    Language is a big domino. It allows "chunking" and makes learning new things more efficient, effective, and certain.

    Language is powerful in and of itself. Using language consciously is a multiplier.

    Today, I want to focus on one such use of language – the power of naming things. 

    The Power Of Naming Things

    “I read in a book once that a rose by any other name would smell as sweet, but I've never been able to believe it. I don't believe a rose WOULD be as nice if it was called a thistle or a skunk cabbage.” - L.M. Montgomery, Anne of Green Gables

    Before I go into detail, I shot a video on the subject, with a few examples from our business. 

    via Capitalogix's YouTube Channel

    Having a shared language allows you to communicate, coordinate, and collaborate more efficiently. But it's hard to have a shared language when you're discussing something intangible. 

    That's where naming comes in. When you name something, you make the "invisible" visible (for you, your team, and anyone else who might care). 

    I've often said the first step is to bring order to chaos. Then, wisdom comes from finer distinctions. Naming is a great way to create a natural taxonomy that helps people understand where they are – and where they are going.

    I like thinking of it in comparison to value ladders in marketing. 

    Value-ladder

    Each stage of the value ladder is meant to bring you to the next level. By the time someone gets to the top of the value ladder, they're your ideal customer. In other words, you create a natural pathway for a stranger (meaning someone who doesn't know you well) to follow, to gain value, trust, and momentum onwards … ultimately, ascending to become someone who believes in, and supports, what you offer and who you are. 

    Ultimately, successful collaboration relies on a common language. That is part of the reason naming is so important. The act of naming something makes it real, defines its boundaries and potentialities, and is often the first step toward understanding, adoption, and support. 

    Creating "Amplified Intelligence"

    There are always answers. We just have to be smart enough. - John Green

    Here is an example from our business. When we first started building trading systems, all we had was an idea. Then, we figured out an equation (and more of them). Next, we figured out some methods or techniques … which became recipes for success. As we progressed, we figured out a growing collection of useful and reliable ways to test, validate, automate, and execute the things we wanted to do (or to filter … or prevent the things we wanted to avoid or ignore).

    It probably seemed chaotic to someone who didn't understand the organizing principles. Fear, uncertainty, and doubt, which inhibit potential customers and stakeholders (such as a business's employees), compound the problem.

    Coming up with the right organizing principle (and name) makes it easier to understand, accept, and adopt. For example, many traders and trading firms want to amplify intelligence – meaning they want to make better decisions, take smarter actions, and ultimately perform better (which might mean making and keeping more money). To help firms amplify intelligence, we created the Capitalogix Insight Engine (which is a platform of equations, algorithms, methods, testing tools, automations, and execution capabilities). Within that platform, we have functional components (or modules) that focus on ideas like portfolio construction, sensible diversification, alpha generation, risk management, and allocation strategies. Some of those words may not mean much to you if you're not a trader, but if you are, it creates an order that makes sense and a path from the beginning to the end of the process.

    It makes sense. It explains where we are – while informing them about what might come later.

    The point is that naming things creates order, structure, and a contextual map of understanding.

    It is a compass heading used to navigate and guide in uncertain territory.

    On the other hand, beware of the consequences of becoming overly connected to labels. 

    Hope that helps.

  • The World Economy Going Into 2025 …

    Are you a glass half full or a glass half empty person? The recent economic news cycle has certainly been playing on people's fears.

    There is a lot of good news and reasons to be confident and excited about what's to come.

    Sure, you can focus on the $100 trillion global debt … but you could also focus on how U.S. states' GDPs compare to global GDPs.

    Today, let's look at the $115 trillion global economy. For what it's worth, America is still the dominant force.

     

    20241228 World Economy in 2025 Infographic

    via VisualCapitalist

    America has topped the list for over 100 years and will comfortably continue that reign in 2025. China comes in second, and together, they account for approximately two-fifths of global GDP. That said, China is comparatively a newcomer to their spot – with about 15 years here. 

    While we top the list, the fastest-growing economies would go to countries like India, Australia, and Brazil – which are all expected to rise the ranks in the coming years. 

    The trend to watch here is what will happen in the Middle East, with Syria overthrowing their government and the Israel-Palestine conflict continuing and impacting the supply chain of surrounding countries as well. 

    It will also be interesting to see how Trump's re-election and the continuing Russia-Ukraine conflict affect global trends.

    Looking beyond traditional economic metrics, I believe artificial intelligence will emerge as one of the most critical factors driving power, progress, and wealth creation in the coming years. It's likely to become both the most coveted resource and the capability we'll most actively seek to deny our adversaries.

    The real story of 2025's global economy isn't just told with GDP rankings. While America and China dominate those numbers, traditional economic metrics are becoming less relevant in a world where regional conflicts, supply chain dynamics, and technological innovation can reshape global power dynamics overnight. In the longer term, birth rates and the growth of middle-class infrastructure are strong predictors of what lies ahead. GDP alone doesn't measure what truly matters in the modern global economy.

    What indicators are you watching?

  • How AIs (Like ChatGPT) Learn

    I first wrote about this video a few years ago, when artificial intelligence first captured the media's attention. Back then, we were impressed that algorithms could help you pick out your Christmas gifts on Amazon, suggest new music for you on Spotify, and do their best to capture your attention on websites. 

    AI is seemingly everywhere now. And what is surprising to me isn't its prevalence or impact … it is the speed and breadth of its adoption. Last night, at an early holiday dinner, we talked extensively about how easy to adopt and how accessible tools like ChatGPT are (and almost none of us were Nerds). 

    With all that being said, I think it's wise to have a basic understanding of the things that most impact our lives. Even if you're not a big fan of AI, understanding its growing powers will benefit you. 

    The video below is a bit simple in its explanations, but it describes some fundamental concepts worth understanding.

     

    CGP Grey via Youtube

    The video is engaging and easy to understand. It focuses on genetic algorithms (which is one type of machine learning) and ignores some of the other more complicated techniques and approaches. For example

    In my experience, it is more useful for an executive to understand what tools like this can do rather than how they work. Likewise, it is better to understand when to use tools like this rather than knowing precisely how to use them. But, a cursory understanding like this video still adds value. 

    As machine learning gets more complicated and evolves, it gets harder for humans to assess their output or process accurately. Here is something to consider:

    How do you know that the answer it gives is the answer you seek?

    Just because an algorithm responds quickly and confidently doesn't mean it's right.

    While bots can deliver impressive results, their decision-making processes can be opaque. This presents both a risk and an opportunity. Artificial intelligence seems cool, but artificial stupidity is scary … and making mistakes at light speed rarely results in good outcomes.

    It's human nature to feel safer when we understand something. It's human nature to envision machines making human-like decisions, just faster. But we are quickly going beyond that … way beyond that!

    In the past, algorithms were static while data changed. But now we're in a different world – one where the algorithms themselves evolve and dramatically adapt to handle different types of data. While this might sound like a subtle distinction, it represents a fundamental shift in how AI systems learn and operate.

    One of the challenges of understanding exponential technologies is that their progress isn't linear. This makes it difficult for humans to accurately gauge how rapidly these tools will advance in capability. As algorithms grow more complex, they will increasingly operate in ways that may not be fully understood by their developers (and even less so by their users). As a result, we'll likely find ourselves using AI to solve problems and accomplish tasks that aren't even on our radar today. 

    It might sound strange, but it doesn't matter why a bot makes a decision or what inputs it uses to make the decision. What matters is whether it accomplishes its goal and how its performance and level of decision-making rank in relation to its prior performance and other options (and, perhaps, whether the bot is biased).

    Part of what makes artificial intelligence exciting is that it can do a lot of things well that humans are really bad at. And, even when you're using an AI in your domain expertise, it can be a great first step to save you time and effort. 

    It's a brave new world, and not only is Big Brother watching, but algorithms are, too.

    Live long and prosper!

  • Are You Ready For The Holidays?

    As we near the holidays, you'd think people would be getting cheerier. Jollier, you might say. 

    Instead, the holidays tend to bring out the worst in people. 

    Why is it often easier to be nice to a stranger (or a dog) than someone you deal with regularly? Emotional baggage is likely the answer. Things like anger, resentment, pain, fear, uncertainty, and doubt are inhibitors that can affect how we interact with others. Frustratingly, our challenges often stem directly from what we bring to each situation ourselves.

    It reminded me of one of the earliest videos I shot almost 10 years ago. It highlights the importance of allowing energy to flow freely, enabling individuals to remain focused and resilient in the face of challenges. It doesn't matter what happens … what matters is what you choose to focus on, make it mean, and choose to do.

     

    Sometimes, things don't seem to go well. Despite the annoying evidence to the contrary, it's probably not them … Which means it is probably you (or at least what you focus on). 

    The antidote to negative situations is simple – focus on your progress and the reasons behind your efforts.

    The recipe for success (and happiness this holiday season) isn't eggnog … it is to choose to let energy flow and to have an unrelenting focus on your bigger future.

    Bring on 2025!

  • Why Leave The House When You Can Shop Online …

    The holidays are almost here! Time's running out to get your gifts in time. 

    Luckily, it's never been easier to get stuff. On top of online shopping, Amazon has stewarded the switch to almost instantaneous shipping. 

    I remember when malls were filled to the brim, and Black Friday led to stampedes and people dying. Now, it's brick-and-mortar stores that are dying.

    Not only are the in-store deals not as good, but the best deals are online. Here's a chart showing the surge of online shopping.

     

    A dumbbell chart showing that online shopping as a percentage of total retail sales had climbed over time and spike in Q4 every year.

    via visualcapitalist

    Online shopping now accounts for about 15% of consumer spending, up from 4.1% in 2010. 

    In addition, Q4 always sees a massive spike, with online spending accounting for 17.1% of consumer spending in 2023. 

    This year, Cyber Monday attracted over 64 million U.S. shoppers, three times the number who shopped in stores. 

    You can find change everywhere, but one place to look hasn't changed. Amazon is all about infrastructure and disruption. 

    It's interesting to consider how drastically this changes supply chain management. People now expect free and fast shipping and the ability to return items if they don't work out (instead of trying them in-store). Meanwhile, brands have high fixed costs due to their existing retail locations, yet they need to keep most of their stock in warehouses instead of their box stores to deal with the surplus of online orders. 

    We're already seeing the failure of malls and the bust of commercial real estate. If this trend continues of work-from-home and online shopping, we could see a $250 billion decrease in commercial property value by 2026.  

    What do you think it would take to stop the bleeding and encourage both consumers and employees to leave their homes?

  • Ready Fire Aim!

    Michael Masterson wrote a book called Ready Fire Aim: Zero to $100 Million In No Time Flat. It is a practical guide for entrepreneurs and business leaders, focusing on the different stages of business growth and the key challenges and priorities at each stage.

    A core message of the book is to start taking action quickly (instead of getting bogged down in over-planning) and use rapid iteration and real-world feedback to refine strategies.

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    The concept is presented in the context of growing a business – yet the lessons apply broadly. 

    Swift action should be your focus … not over-planning or perfect timing.

    Too many companies get stuck in a cycle of brainstorming, getting internal feedback, making changes, and failing to release the product.

    Even for released products, too many fail because they took too long to launch or ignored market feedback. 

    Masterson stresses that the value of live performance is that it helps you course-correct. He also cautions that there is no such thing as perfect timing. The best timing is almost always ‘Now!’

    Now, let’s extrapolate. 

    Let’s say you’re pondering a tricky work problem. You know you need to figure it out before the end of the week … but your brain keeps going in circles. 

    You don’t believe you can take decisive action and course-correct because you feel you have to get it right. 

    So, what can you do? Write it out. Write out the potential paths, ramifications, and worst-case scenarios as holistically as possible. 

    You’ll find that simply by writing it out instead of just ‘thinking,’ you end up more creative with more insight. 

    Writing aids in organizing and clarifying your thoughts. 

    AI As Your ‘Action’ Partner 

    AI can make this process easier, faster, and more manageable. Tools like ChatGPT can help you explore complex topics, run scenarios for you, and provide external feedback. 

    It’s not the same as real-world feedback, but it can shorten the ‘Aim’ part of the process. 

    As you externalize your thoughts in writing them to whatever AI you choose, you also get the same benefit you did writing your thoughts out in our previous example. 

    The business environment is changing faster than ever. Technology is advancing faster, adoption is getting easier, and the average Joe is becoming bullish on AI. Because of that, Masterson’s book is even more relevant now than it was in 2007. Here are a few of the other key takeaways from Ready, Fire, Aim.

    • Adapt Your Role: As a company scales, leaders must shift from “doing” to guiding and from tactics to strategy.
    • Be Sales-Focused: Keep revenue generation as a core priority, especially in the early stages.
    • Build Scalable Systems: Invest in operations and leadership at the right time to support sustainable growth.
    • Innovate Continuously: Avoid complacency by fostering an organizational culture that balances efficiency with creativity.

    AI and exponential technologies are going to compress cycle types. What used to be long-term planning will just be planning. You have to act fast, not only to capitalize on these trends but also to avoid being wiped out by them. 

    Are you keeping up?