Behind the success of many thriving companies is a boardroom where decisions shape their future. But what really makes a corporate board effective — and who earns a seat at the table?
Company boards come in many shapes and sizes … boards can be powerful, they can be councilors, and they can be a sign of stability to potential investors (by having the right people on the board).
Interestingly, about 80% of the 50 largest public companies are linked by at least one shared board member, illustrating the influence and network effect of seasoned executives in corporate governance. To see the full list of board members for a company (or to see which board members are on the most boards) I suggest corporationwiki. However, even with significant overlap, 1,000 of the 1,100 board positions were held by unique individuals —indicating that direct duplication is relatively rare..
Notably, as you look beyond the top 50 companies, the web of interconnected board members expands significantly.
This raises a crucial question: How frequently does overlap among board members create conflicts of interest between competing companies?
Ultimately, it seems likely that they share board members due to the expertise of those members. There’s a small pool of people with the know-how and acumen to advise a company that big. While companies strive to recruit top-tier board talent to enhance efficiencies, real-world outcomes can be mixed — underscoring the importance of thorough vetting and diversified expertise.
During my own experience serving on various boards, I often collaborated with individuals who also sat on multiple boards—sometimes even within competing firms. Building a board that is both diverse in perspective and rich in expertise significantly elevates your organization’s strategic insight and adaptability.
From a small business standpoint, I think it’s important to surround yourself with a variety of viewpoints. Leaders often risk tunnel vision; actively seeking varied viewpoints helps break through these barriers and fosters innovative thinking.
While each leader is likely strong at their unique abilities, a hallmark of success is to create a unique abilities team that goes far beyond your strength.
Internally, I’ve surrounded myself with detail-oriented and technical support to let me focus on the big picture. From an advisory standpoint, I’ve done my best to surround myself with people whose business successes I can learn from.
As AI evolves, its influence will increasingly extend beyond daily operations to the boardroom, reshaping the way high-level decisions are made and governance is exercised
Ultimately, building the right board is not just about governance — it’s a strategic lever for long-term success. Whether launching a startup or steering a Fortune 500, prioritize assembling a team (both internal and external) that balances vision, expertise, and forward-thinking decision-making to drive sustainable success in an ever-evolving marketplace.
Does the size of a country’s workforce determine its wealthiest citizens?
Beyond Headcount—The Real Drivers of Wealth
In a world shaped by rapid technological change and evolving labor dynamics, this post explores which nations lead in workforce size, where millionaires reside, and why capital concentration often defies population trends.
Recent research by Visual Capitalist sheds light on both the world’s largest workforces and the distribution of wealth among its richest citizens.
Unsurprisingly, Asia dominates the global workforce, with China and India accounting for over 1.3 billion workers.
Although the U.S. trails far behind China and India in absolute workforce size, it maintains a strong position as the world’s third-largest labor force with 174 million workers.
Africa’s workforce is rapidly expanding – with potential to double by 2050.
Following the Wealth Flows
As we know, workforce isn’t the only factor that influences where wealth flows. For example:
Global trade & resource distribution,
Financial & governmental policies,
Urbanization & tech Infrastructure,
And, access to opportunities
Where Wealth Accumulates
In 2025, we’ve surpassed 60 million millionaires worldwide.
Together, this group holds over $226 trillion in wealth.
America, China, and France top the list – holding over half the global total. If you were to imagine the list as 10 people, four would live in America, one would live in China, and the rest would be scattered across the globe.
France, Germany, and the UK, are relatively small populations boasting outsized ratios of millionaires.
Notably, almost 1/10 American adults are millionaires (Luxembourg and Switzerland top this ratio with 1/7). That surprises me.
Also, while major cities like New York, Los Angeles, and San Francisco remain millionaire hubs, Scottsdale, Arizona, actually boasts the fastest millionaire growth over the last decade.
Ultimately, I think it’s clear that a large labor force doesn’t necessarily translate into a large population of millionaires. Countries like India and Indonesia rank among the biggest contributors to the global workforce, yet their per capita wealth remains modest. Meanwhile, nations such as the United States, Japan, and Germany — home to far smaller workforces — consistently dominate global millionaire rankings.
Why Efficiency Beats Size
Countries like the United States demonstrate how access to markets and capital, combined with robust innovation ecosystems, drive wealth far beyond population scale.
The difference lies less in the number of workers and more in the structure of opportunity: productivity, access to capital, innovation, and financial markets create wealth far faster than population alone. In short, a big workforce builds economies — but efficient systems and upward mobility build millionaires.
Economic opportunity grows when connections (between people, ideas, and markets) multiply — think of a telephone network: one phone is useless, but as more connect, the system’s value rises exponentially.
Disruptive innovation often happens in small, focused markets before scaling. Early adoption, not just raw numbers, signals where outsized returns will come.
As AI continues to shift productivity from in-person humans to digital agents, the very nature of value, employment, and opportunity will likely undergo a profound transformation. It will also change what we believe is possible.
For example, I expect to see a one-person Unicorn as artificial agent technologies become more capable, scalable, and adaptive.
Conclusion: Building Pathways to Prosperity
In summary, a large labor force may grow economies, but upward mobility and innovation are the true engines of millionaire creation. For leaders aiming to foster national prosperity, the goal should be cultivating efficient, inclusive systems — not merely expanding the workforce.
In writing these articles and newsletters, I often try to alternate between optimism, pragmatism, and an acknowledgement of where progress might still fall short.
An Area of Boundless Optimism, Grounded In Progress
Health and longevity and things almost every human strives for. As a result, medicine isn’t just a field — it’s a quest. With every breakthrough, we rewrite the boundaries of what’s possible. Today, optimism is more than wishful thinking … it’s anchored in real, measurable progress.
The Steady Rise of Lifespan Worldwide
Life expectancy has been on a steady global rise for a long time. Global life expectancy has risen by nearly 20 years since 1950. As of 2023, average life expectancy is estimated at 76.3 years for women and 71.5 for men, returning to pre-pandemic levels after COVID-related dips.
Life expectancy depends on many factors. While genetics lay the foundation, access to healthcare, quality nutrition, reliable infrastructure, and income levels shape how long — and how well — people live. Here is an infographic showing expected lifespans across the globe.
I am astounded by the pace of progress in diagnostics, imaging, treatments, cures, and now even regenerative medicine.
Examples abound. When I was growing up, if an athlete had an ACL injury, it almost certainly meant their career was over. Today, even after three ACL repairs, my son continues to play rugby competively.
In addition, my son’s ACL surgery scars are smaller than his knee, I remember when they had to slice you open, and peel your skin back just to perform that surgery. Even my mom’s knee replacement was easier, with less scarring, and less immuno-rejection that before.
But that’s only the tip of the iceberg.
You don‘t have to be an athlete to desire the ability to continue to do what you want to do for longer. Extending not just lifespan but healthspan — the years spent active and well — is medicine’s true measure of success.
Emerging Technologies Are Changing What’s Possible
Even the rise of Semaglutide and Tirzepatide represents an amazing transformation in medicine science. They change appetite signaling and satiety, showing that pharmacology can now reliably alter the biology of hunger in ways researchers once thought impossible. And, while it’s great for weight loss, it’s also incredible for diabetes care.
Personalized medicine will be mainstream —treatments tailored to genetic profiles, lifestyles, and early diagnostics, reducing trial-and-error therapies.
AI-driven preventive care will spot risks and recommend actions before symptoms arise, changing “medicine” from reactive to proactive.
Expect radical decentralization — healthcare delivered everywhere, not just in clinics, with patient data guiding choices in real time.
It’s a ‘Journey’ not a ‘Destination’: Medicine is like a city’s traffic system—treating one bottleneck may shift or reveal another. Life expectancy gains require coordination (genetics, public health, tech, economy) to avoid congestion in vulnerable areas.
Longevity Risks: Like a pebble dropped into a pond, each breakthrough creates ripples of unexpected effects — longer lives mean new societal needs, workforce changes, and shifting cultural attitudes toward aging. Longer lives will bring promises and perils we’re only beginning to see.
Hype vs. Evidence: Not all breakthroughs deliver widespread impact; many promising treatments prove costly, ineffective, or even harmful at scale.
Conclusion
In a world obsessed with headlines about division and setbacks, medicine offers something different: hope grounded in evidence.
We’re not only adding years to life but adding life to years—making more moments meaningful for more people, everywhere.
The promise of a healthier future doesn’t come from wishful thinking. It comes from pragmatic optimism — acknowledging the challenges, investing in innovation, and daring to imagine what’s next.
A few months ago, I wrote about how cryptocurrency was entering the mainstream.
To recap that piece: I’ve historically been skeptical and resistant about crypto on several fronts. Still, I’ve recognized that blockchain and decentralized finance are here to stay.
One of my biggest arguments against crypto is that governments have fiercely protected their right to print money and tax it. Now, even governments are warming up to crypto. Additionally, regulators are getting on board. Big banks and established industries are creating infrastructure. As the momentum builds, the push toward crypto seems unavoidable.
Some of this momentum has been fueled by policy shifts during the Trump presidency and his administration’s openness to the space. Yet even with that tailwind, I believe there are still significant barriers to the adoption of most cryptocurrencies—barriers that stablecoins, in particular, are designed to address.
The Stablecoin Surge
Since that article, tremendous growth continues. And if you haven’t paid attention to stablecoins yet, it’s time to start paying attention.
What is a Stablecoin?
Stablecoins are cryptocurrencies designed to maintain a stable value, typically pegged to a traditional currency like the US dollar (e.g., 1 stablecoin = $1 USD). Unlike Bitcoin or Ethereum, which can swing wildly in price, stablecoins aim for predictability.
Think of stablecoins as the digital equivalent of cash — useful for transactions, storing value, and moving money across borders without the volatility of traditional cryptocurrencies.
They’ve quickly grown from a niche asset to one of the fastest-growing market segments.
Citi projects that the market will grow 6.7X to 14.2X in the next 5 years. Their justification is based on three main pillars.
the reallocation of US cash and deposits into digital tokens,
the substitution of international short-term liquidity tools with stablecoins,
and the growing role of stablecoins as the backbone of cryptocurrency adoption (in a growing ecosystem)
It’s also worth noting that stablecoins have become a kind of “parking spot” for capital moving in and out of crypto trades. As smart contracts have enabled holders to earn yield by lending, providing liquidity, or farming rewards, stablecoins’ appeal has only grown.
A Glimpse of Crypto’s Future
It’s easy to imagine a future of money built on digital tokens. Stablecoins appear to be the first step toward that future.
Just like everything else … it’s happening faster than you think.
Comparing the market value of stablecoins to the amount of U.S. currency in circulation (bills and coins) shows that stablecoins now make up about 11% of that total. That’s a remarkable jump in just five years.
The industry keeps innovating, and stablecoins are increasingly becoming part of traditional finance. I expect this trend to grow faster soon.
What’s your opinion on how quickly stablecoins might transform the monetary landscape?
Have you ever said something in anger that you later regretted — only to find that your apology couldn’t erase the damage? In today’s high-pressure world, emotional wounds are more common than we realize.
We are living in a period of heightened sensitivity to hurt feelings. Whether it’s politics, kids in school, or even in business … it’s clear that emotions and detection sensors are high.
What do you think it means? Has something fundamental changed, or is it just the natural result of stress, and high expectations?
Happy people tend to find reasons or ways to be happy. Frustrated people are good at finding the things that frustrate them. Meanwhile, people are naturally inclined to notice and avoid things that hurt them.
Of course, a little conflict is normal (or even beneficial). But, perhaps, the pendulum has swung too far?
Let’s be clear, some people intend to hurt others. However, it doesn’t take “intent” to hurt someone’s feelings (or to have your feelings hurt). Hurt feelings can arise from a simple disagreement, a fixed perspective, a careless remark, or even a look.
Effective strategies can sometimes trigger conflict, too. Why? Because people generally prefer winning to losing. It reminds me of angry kids on a playground. As a result, minor outbursts are often dismissed or explained with excuses like, ‘I was angry,’ ‘I’m only human,’ or, ‘There’s no room for emotion in business.’ Nevertheless, it’s important to remember that we should strive to be better.
Lessons From the Nail In The Fence Parable
To drive the point home further, here is the story of “The Nail in a Fence.” I share it every few years, but as we look to finish the year strong, and begin the new year even stronger, I think it’s worth revisiting.
Nail In The Fence
There once was a little boy who had a bad temper. His Father gave him a bag of nails and told him that every time he lost his temper, he must hammer a nail into the back of the fence.
The first day the boy had driven 37 nails into the fence. Over the next few weeks, as he learned to control his anger, the number of nails hammered daily gradually dwindled down.
He discovered it was easier to hold his temper than to drive those nails into the fence.
Finally, the day came when the boy didn’t lose his temper at all. He told his father about it; and the father suggested that the boy now pull out one nail for each day that he was able to hold his temper.
The days passed and the young boy was finally able to tell his father that all the nails were gone.
The father took his son by the hand and led him to the fence. He said, “You have done well, my son, but look at the holes in the fence. The fence will never be the same. When you say things in anger, they leave a scar just like this one. You can put a knife in a man and draw it out. It won’t matter how many times you say I’m sorry, the wound is still there.”
A verbal wound is as bad as a physical one.
This story is a reminder to be mindful of cause and intent. Hope it helps.
How Technology Can Amplify (Not Replace) Our Humanity
As a technology entrepreneur focused on amplified intelligence (which means making better decisions, taking smarter actions, and continually improving performance), I recognize that we’re not using technology to replace humans. Instead, we’re automating activities that humans used to do – so that humans can focus on things more important and more in line with their unique abilities and tendencies.
On the other hand, one of the main reasons for automation is to avoid certain tendencies that are baked into human nature – like these little outbursts. I say that because, as much as the world has changed in the last several thousand years, human nature has remained stubbornly the same.
Making Best Practice Common Practice
It’s hard enough to change yourself … so, it’s unrealistic to expect to radically change others. Instead, if you want to increase the likelihood of certain actions, it makes sense to rely on technologies that are simple, reputable, consistent, and scalable to make your best intentions and best practices more common. This is why I say that amplified intelligence has an automatic advantage … because it eliminates the fear, greed, and discretionary mistakes that humans naturally bring to a process.
The Power (And Limits) of Forgiveness
Inflicting pain on others is harmful — but holding on to anger can be just as damaging to ourselves.
Feeling and stoking anger is like taking poison and hoping the other person suffers. It isn’t efficient or practical.
So, what about “Forgiving”? It doesn’t have to be synonymous with forgetting.
Forgiving removes the valence (or charge) from a situation or memory. It serves you even more than it serves the person you’re forgiving.
It only takes a moment to create an emotional trigger (think about how you felt when you saw a high school bully in the hallway). It is simple, evolution and natural selection favored species that remembered and avoided danger. It is in our DNA. But avoidance isn’t always a great strategy … especially when it is blocking the attainment of something beneficial.
Forgiveness is a way to disable or mute the emotional trigger (this is called “collapsing an anchor” in NLP). It’s also a choice to move forward.
Forgiveness is also a release of “claim”. When we are wronged, we expect an apology, retribution, restitution, or recognition. And until we get it, we are stuck, waiting for it. In a sense, forgiveness releases the stuck energy and makes it available for something else (hopefully, something better).
Forgiveness changes the route and allows you to move forward.
And I’ve found that good things happen more often when you are in motion.
As you look ahead, ask yourself:Who or what do you need to forgive?
When Congress failed to agree on a last-minute deal on October 1, 2025, the United States faced its eleventh federal government shutdown — forcing hundreds of thousands of workers into furlough, halting essential services, and sending shockwaves through the nation.
Though often discussed in the abstract, government shutdowns have tangible consequences — missed paychecks, shuttered programs, and an atmosphere of uncertainty for millions of Americans.
What led to this impasse, and how does it compare to shutdowns of the past?
This standoff is marked by familiar accusations of brinkmanship from both parties — Republicans advocating a ‘clean’ funding extension, while Democrats insist on safeguarding healthcare subsidies and advancing key priorities before any agreement is reached.
The fallout and costs reach far beyond furloughed government workers. It also affects broader economic stability. and millions of Americans who rely on federal services.
A Brief History of Federal Shutdowns
This is the 11th shutdown in our history. However, before the 1980s, funding gaps typically did not affect government operations, as agencies assumed funding would eventually be approved.
The most recent prior shutdown, in 2019, centered on funding for President Trump’s border wall with Mexico and dragged on for 34 days — setting the record for the longest shutdown in American history.
While the duration of this shutdown remains uncertain, historical shutdowns offer important perspective.
Although we hope that cooler heads will prevail, today’s sharply divided political climate makes a swift end to the shutdown unlikely.
Is It Different This Time?
According to The Hill, GOP senators thought they were close on Thursday to a bipartisan agreement that would have led to the end of the shutdown. On Friday, Senate Democratic Leader Chuck Schumer urged his colleagues to resist the House-passed funding measure until Republicans made significant concessions on extending the health premium tax credits.
It’s entirely possible that Trump will use this shutdown as further justification to cut agencies and fire federal employees. It’s also a potential tool to put pressure on Democrats to vote for the funding bill to pass.
Regardless, as of today, Democrats are holding firm in their opposition, with Schumer arguing that 70% of Americans support the ACA premium tax credit.
What’s at Stake?
It’s an interesting time to be an American. Last week, we talked about the potential need to reimagine the American Dream: Although buying a home and raising a family has become more challenging, we simultaneously live in an era of unprecedented prosperity and opportunity.
Despite these advantages, rates of unhappiness, loneliness, and distrust in institutions have been rising. This tension between abundance and discontent now defines the American experience. It’s a sobering reminder that material progress does not guarantee unity, shared purpose, or collective well-being.
As Americans await a resolution, this stalemate serves as a reflection of deeper divisions within our society. Beyond deadlines and dollars, the shutdown raises a pressing question:
What will it take for our leaders (and our nation) to move beyond gridlock and toward lasting unity?
Thursday was Yom Kippur, which translates to “Day of Atonement” and is one of the High Holy Days in the Jewish religion. This year, as I sat in synagogue, I found myself reflecting on my own challenges deeply. While tradition calls for communal prayers and rituals, I realized how much these ancient practices are really about the individual journey to become better.
The Persistant Challenges of Human Nature
Ancient prayers can reveal timeless struggles.
As part of the atonement process, participants read a list of sins (available here), apologize for those committed, and ask for forgiveness. I would encourage you to read that list and use it to think about your life and the impact you have on those around you. These issues are likely to be both timely and timeless. The list is thousands of years old, yet it’s still surprisingly relevant.
As I went through the list, two things struck me. First, regardless of the changes in the world over time (technology, geopolitics, urbanization, mobility, etc.), human nature remains relatively unchanged (otherwise, the issues on the list would seem quaint or outdated). Second, despite all that has changed in the World, these issues remain important. That suggests that these issues are more important than most people realize.
A Time for Reflection and Commitment
Even if you have managed to stay on the right side of the Ten Commandments and haven’t killed or stolen … you have most likely been frivolous, stubborn, hurtful, dismissive, or judgmental (I know I have …). It’s not just black and white or right and wrong … Frequency, intensity, and duration matter too.
This past year has brought its share of challenges. Yet, Yom Kippur isn’t a time for self-pity or blame — it is a call to look inward with honesty, to reflect, and to commit anew to becoming our best selves.
With that in mind, another prayer read on Yom Kippur is Unetaneh Tokef. This prayer paints a powerful image of judgment day, depicting the fate and destiny of every person — prompting deep introspection about our choices and actions.
To set some context, the theme of the High Holy Days is a Divine decree being written about your Life … think about it as a yearly judgment day. Supposedly, on Rosh Hashana, three books are opened in Heaven – one for the thoroughly wicked, one for the thoroughly righteous, and one for those in-between. The thoroughly righteous are immediately inscribed clearly in the Book of Life. The thoroughly wicked are immediately inscribed clearly in the Book of Death. The fate of those in-between is postponed from Rosh Hashana until Yom Kippur, at which time those who are deserving are then inscribed in the Book of Life, those who are undeserving are then inscribed in the Book of Death.
Below is a brief excerpt from the prayer that captures the spirit of the judgment each person faces.
Who will rest and who will wander, who will live in harmony and who will be harried, who will enjoy tranquillity and who will suffer, who will be impoverished and who will be enriched, who will be degraded and who will be exalted.
On one hand, you can read that and pray for Divine intervention (or perhaps favor), or you can recognize that we each have a choice about who we want to be, how we show up, and what we make things mean. Your choices about these things have real power to create the experience and environment you will live in next year.
Thoughts On Connection
This year’s sermon focused on connection. In past years, the message often centered on being present in the moment — acting with intention and living in alignment with your values. This year was no different at its core, but the Rabbi approached it from a fresh angle. He compared one’s connection to God with the connections we nurture — or neglect — with a spouse, a sibling, or a child. His point was that it’s not enough to be present in the moment; we must also be present with each other. I appreciated that distinction and found myself wondering where I might be “phoning it in.” Living in alignment internally is only half the work … we need to practice that alignment outwardly, too.
What Kintsugi Can Teach Us About Healing
We can learn from many other cultures. For example, let’s look at Kintsugi. It is the Japanese art of repairing broken ceramics with lacquer dusted or mixed with powdered gold, silver, or platinum. This process highlights the object’s “scars” rather than concealing them. It is rooted in the philosophy that breakage and repair are part of an object’s history and can make it more beautiful and resilient. The artform can also serve as a metaphor for embracing flaws and past traumas as sources of strength and beauty.
This concept is an excellent reminder as we unpack the “trauma” of shootings, culture wars, actual wars, and more. Progress isn’t always linear — every setback is a part of our story, and even our scars can be sources of wisdom and strength. As we heal, we should also strive to help heal the world around us. In the Jewish faith, that concept is called Tikkun Olam.
Transformation Is Closer Than You Think
One of the themes of Yom Kippur is that you’re only one good deed from tipping the scale towards good for yourself and others. As you recognize and repent for your sins, it’s also important to appreciate the good you did (and do) as well.
As I look at my year, atone, and look forward, I’m reminded of two definitions I heard recently.
One is that “intelligence” can be defined as the ability to get or move towards what you want … and the second is that “learning” is the ability to get a better result in the same situation.
I choose to look at going forward as a chance to clear the slate and Be and Do better … personally, professionally, in the business, and in relationships. I know that there’s lots of room for improvement, opportunities for growth, and the ability to simply put the past behind me and focus on a better future.
Initially, I looked at Capitalogix as a technology company that built trading and fund management capabilities. Over time, I realized that the team, our tools, and the things we do backstage are more valuable than the front-stage results that we produce. We can leverage these to amplify intelligence in virtually any industry.
The future is going to be about making better decisions, taking better actions, and continually improving performance. That won’t really change. Almost everything else will. So, the business is really about the things that don’t change.
I think this is probably true in life as well. Many parts of you change … but the part of you that doesn’t is really the core of who you are.
Sprinting Towards What You Want
With roughly 80 days left in the year, it’s easy to get caught up in frustrations over politics or inflation, blaming outside forces for unmet goals. Yet, these remaining days are also a unique opportunity—a perfect time to sprint toward positive changes and finish the year strong.
There is plenty of time to make this your best year yet. What can you do? What will you do?
What could you do to make the life of someone around you better? Likewise, how can you let others know you’re thankful for them?
To reference a book by Ben Hardy and Dan Sullivan, transformational change is often easier than incremental change (because you don’t have to drag the past forward).
So, what can you do that would trigger 10X results? More importantly … Will you do it?
I hope you all experience growth in your mental state, your relationships, and your businesses. As you approach year’s end, remember you’re not just starting fresh – but integrating the “gold” from repaired experiences.
Best wishes for a great day and an even better year!
via InterviewQs
