Science

  • Are We Alone In The Universe?

    Information Is Beautiful has an interactive data visualization to help you decide if we're alone in the universe. 

    As usual, for them, it is well done, fun, and informative. 

    For the slightly geeky amongst us, the model lets you adjust the estimate by playing with two equations: the Drake equation and the Seager equation.

    The Drake equation estimates how many detectable extraterrestrial civilizations exist in our galaxy and then in the Universe based on factors like habitable planets, change of life, and then intelligent life, and then the amount of time a civilization sends signals into space. 

    The Seager equation is a modern take on the equation focusing on bio-signatures of life that we can currently detect – for example, the number of observable stars/planets, what % have life, and then % chance of detectable bio-signature gas. 

     

    Screen Shot 2020-12-13 at 2.49.56 PMvia Information Is Beautiful

    For both equations, Information Is Beautiful lets you look at various default options but also playing with your own numbers to do the math. 

    For example, the skeptic default answer for Drake's equation shows 0.0000062 communicating civilizations in our galaxy and which is still 924,000 in the universe. The equivalent for Seager's equation shows 0.0009000 planets with detectable life in our "galactic neighborhood" and 135,000,000 planets in our universe. 

    Even with the "lowest possible" selection chosen, Drake's equation still shows 42 communicating civilizations (Douglas Adams, anyone?) in the universe.

     

    Screen Shot 2020-12-13 at 2.54.27 PMvia Information Is Beautiful

    One of the most interesting numbers (and potentially influential numbers for me) is the length of time a civilization sends signals into space. Conservative numbers are 420 years, but optimistic numbers are 10,000+. 

    If any aliens are reading this … don't worry, I won't tell.  But, we will find out if you voted in the last election.

  • Do Candles Smell Worse?

    Covid-19 rates are still rising in many places, and there's an unexpected consequence …

    Candle companies are getting much more negative reviews. Angry people everywhere seem to be reporting that the candles have no smell!  With Covid, perhaps they need to check if they've lost their sense of smell or taste (and whether they have a mild fever). 

    Katie Petrova, on Twitter, did some research to check if there was really a correlation. 

    En2drsoXUAMNU6tvia Katie Petrova

    And the results were as expected. In 2020, consumer ratings for scented candles declined much more than unscented candles, and there are spikes in reviews mentioning lack of scent during months with increased cases. 

    Since the beginning of this year, the proportion of reviews mentioning lack of scent grew from < 2% in January to close to 6% in November.

    That being said, unscented candle reviews are lowering too … which makes you think about the confounding variables. Are sales simply increasing to the point where reviews (and thus negative reviews) are increasing? Is it a result of people being bored/frustrated at home?

    I'd be curious to see how much candle (or other home scent improving products) purchases increased during 2020.

  • Trends To Watch Due To The Pandemic

    The pandemic has affected many things beyond basic health. Increasingly, I see research showing meaningful increases in pornography consumption, suicide rates, and a host of other trends that are shaping our world today … but, in the longer-term, it is also affecting the face of tomorrow. 

    Flexible Workplaces

    In May, after only several months of lock-down, I was surprised how many businesses decided that they had no intention of ever requiring their employees to come back into the office

    As we close in on a year in the pandemic, I am surprised how easily we adapted to the new normal.  Even with a vaccine in sight, I suspect many of the adaptations will remain.

    Personally, I like going to the office.  Most days, I still do … even though a tiny fraction of our people are there.

    With that said, I know that our business matured.  We are better at the skills, tools, and mindsets that make remote work possible or profitable. We've gotten better at deciding what's a meeting (versus an e-mail or an online chat). People are working hours that are more comfortable for them, and we see meetings happen both earlier and later than they used to, before the quarantine. 

    As a macro trend, we also see a flight from urban centers.

     

    Migration-from-urban-areas

    via visualcapitalist

    I keep hearing about people moving far from their work-places.  Ultimately, they decided that remote work enables a new form of freedom for them – to live where they want, regardless of what they do (or who they do it for).

    Over time, I'm curious how a remote workforce will impact the quality and the amount of work done. 

    Adding to my initial concerns, flexible workspaces cause (or exacerbate) other issues, including cybersecurity, digital collaboration, defining the new workday, and a host of other challenges. 

    Digital Explosion

    I remember the early 2000s and the distress I felt watching how many time cycles my son "wasted" being on his phone (which to me, at that time, seemed like "all-the-time"). But, in retrospect, that was nothing

    Flash forward to 2019, and everything was even more "digital" and "smart."  Refrigerators, exercise bikes, billboards, and more all had screens, and 2-year-olds were already digitally literate. "All-the-time" took on a whole new meaning.

    Somehow, the pandemic still took our reliance on the digital world (or our augmented alternate reality) to the next level. 

     

    PAN Graph for HEALTH Survey

    via Alaska DHSS

    Kids are also getting less physical activity and human contact, and spending much more time online.  Contributing to this is the reality that much of their academics have been forced online.  Likewise, adults also are shifting more of their attention and activity cycles to the digital world.

    Continued screen-time increases coincide with video game revenue spiking and Internet traffic increasing by more than 50% worldwide. 

    As the world opens up, I still expect digital reliance numbers to stay above pre-COVID benchmarks. People's reliance on digital to feed their need for information, entertainment, and companionship is growing.

    Changing Business Landscape

    Starting with consumers, we've seen a massive movement toward frictionless and touchless payment. Even physical stores are prioritizing getting in and out without having to deal with another human. In addition, there's a massive move toward delivery services for groceries and meals

    On top of the changes to normal retail services, reliance on online shopping has increased, while the time it takes for electronic purchases to your door has decreased. Combined, these factors will terraform commerce.  Consequently, this year was likely an inflection point for e-commerce penetration … and, from that perspective, life will never be the same again.

     

    Ecommerce-forecastvia visual capitalist

    Despite the growth of online retail, many small businesses that couldn't move online are struggling, and many have already gone under. 

    Which leads to the next trend …

    Increasing Wealth Stratification

    While small business owners and front line workers have been struggling, billionaires saw their wealth increase by over half a trillion dollars

    Part of this is due to government aid toward large companies, part of it is due to tax laws, and part of it is due to the digital rise mentioned in the previous section. The big tech companies were already thriving, and the pandemic created a positive inflection point. 

    Despite those gains, the pandemic hit millennials and small businesses hard. 

     

    200928_millennial-covid-impact_fullwidthvia Morning Consult

    The longer the economy is affected by COVID-19 measures, the larger the wealth inequality will grow, and the more people you can expect looking for government assistance. The strong will thrive while others will suffer increasingly from learned helplessness.

    Obviously, the 2020 quarantine has created impacts in many other areas – including family stress, community isolation, political radicalization, etc. Moreover, these effects won't be isolated to this year – and we should expect many to impact our "new normal" for years to come.

    Some people consider this a challenge. I think it's the playing field. It's going to be true for everyone. What you make it mean, and what you choose to do, it is up to you.  Some will be like a cork, floating on the water, going where the tide takes it. Others will recognize the situation as an opportunity and thrive.

    The impact has been global, but the choices you make are local … and they are still your to make.

    Here is to making 2021 our best year yet!

    Onwards!

  • What Do We Care About?

    In a time of unrest, partisan politics, and situational anxiety … it is important to remember how much we share (as opposed to what separates us).

    VisualCapitalist put together a great graphic on the top 56 values that drive human behavior. For the top 15, it also shows you where they rank based on country. 

    1. Family
    2. Relationships
    3. Financial Security
    4. Belonging
    5. Community
    6. Personal Growth
    7. Loyalty
    8. Religion/Spirituality
    9. Employment Security
    10. Personal Responsibility
    11. Basic Needs
    12. Harmony
    13. Health/Well-Being
    14. Experiences
    15. Respect

    Each individual's ranking of the 56 (15 shown above)  may be different, nevertheless, this chart helps highlight what is really important to us all. 

    Click the image to see the full infographic. 

    ValueGraphics_v11v2via VisualCapitalist

    The ranking of the values changes across cultures and nations, but family emerged as the most important value consistently, and other "connectedness" values consistently ranked high. 

    Humans are emotional creatures (with the ability to think) rather than thinking beings (with the ability to feel).  Ultimately, we are social creatures in a social society. From a Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs standpoint, security often comes first, but connection comes right after that. 

    It's easy to focus on our differences, but it's more important to find the common ground. That's where discussion and progress happen. 

    Onwards!

     

  • Cybersecurity for Beginners

    In 2016, I received this e-mail from my oldest son.

    Date: Saturday, October 22, 2016 at 7:09 PM
    To: Howard Getson
    Subject: FYI: Security Stuff

    FYI – I just got an alert that my email address and my Gmail password were available to be purchased online.

    I only use that password for my email, and I have 2-factor enabled, so I'm fine. Though this is further proof that just about everything is hacked and available online.

    If you don't have two-factor enabled on your accounts, you really need to do it.

    Since then, security has only become a bigger issue. I wrote about the Equifax event, but there are countless examples of similar events (and yes, I mean countless). 

    When people think of hacking, they often think of a Distributed Denial Of Service (DDOS) attack or the media representation of people breaking into your system in a heist.

    In reality, the greatest weakness is people; it's you … the user.  It's the user that turns off automatic patch updating.  It's the user that uses thumb drives.  It's the user that reuses the same passwords.

    Password_strengthv2

     

    via xkcd

    Whether it's malicious or unintentional, humans are often the biggest security weakness. 

    As proof, watch the first few minutes of the video below to watch a social engineer find out this man's email and gain access to his cell phone account. She locks him out of his account at the same time.

    I started the video with the interesting part, so you don't have to search for it.

     

    via Real Future 

    As for passwords … I recommend not knowing them.  You can't disclose what you don't know.  Consequently, I recommend a password manager like LastPass or 1Password.

    Some other basic tips include: 

    • Keep all of your software up to date (to avoid extra vulnerabilities)
    • Don't use public wifi if you can help it (and use a VPN if you can't)
    • Have a firewall on your computer and a back-up of all your important data
    • Never share your personal information on an e-mail or a call that you did not initiate – if they legitimately need your information, you can call them back
    • Don't trust strangers on the internet (no, a Nigerian Prince does not want to send you money)

    How many cybersecurity measures you take comes down to two simple questions … First, how much pain and hassle are you willing to deal with to protect your data? And, second, how much pain is a hacker willing to go through to get to your data?

    It doesn't make sense to put all your data in a lockbox computer that never connects to a network … nevertheless, it might be worth it to go to that extreme for pieces of your data.

    Think about what the data is worth to you, or someone else, and protect it accordingly.

  • A Look At Voting: 2016 vs 2020

    In order for our electoral process to work, voting has to happen. 

    For as long as I can remember, voting has been an issue – but this year turns that on its head.

    If you believe the current counts, Trump is behind Biden but still has more votes than he received in 2016.

    In this election, Biden tallied almost 79M votes while President Trump received 73M. In comparison, going back to 2016, Hillary Clinton won the popular vote with 66M votes to President Trump's 63M votes. 

    Screen Shot 2020-11-15 at 5.19.15 PMvia Washington Post

    This year’s election had a massive difference in voter turnout.  In fact, more Americans voted in the 2020 election than in any other in more than 100 years.

    To put that in context, if "Did Not Vote" had been a candidate in the 2016 Presidential Electioni, it would have won by a landslide. 

    Did-not-vote-2016-update

    BrilliantMaps via 270ToWin

    Only 8 states and Washington D.C. had high enough voter turnout to elect an actual candidate. 

    For comparison – here's what 2020's results currently look like under the same circumstances. 

    MJ5udF1KutxbQR_ceXcZzWGzEy787wOD4iBeV92HjXE

    via Reddit (As of November 12th, 2020)

    In 2016, "Did Not Vote" would have received 471 electoral college votes, but in 2020, it only grabs 105 votes. 

    As an interesting side note, in 2016 neither candidate won a majority of the vote due to support for third-party candidates. In 2020, it seems Biden has narrowly grabbed a majority of the popular vote with 50.8%. 

    The numbers vary slightly from source to source, but the data for these numbers primarily comes from the United States Elections Project

  • When Trading Worlds Collide: Timeless Wisdom & Evolutionary Technology with Matthew Piepenburg

    Earlier in the Pandemic – in June – I had a Zoom meeting with Matthew Piepenburg of Signals Matter. Even though it was a private discussion, there was so much value in our discussion we decided to share parts of it here. 

    While Matt's understanding of markets is based on Macro/Value investing, we use advanced AI and quantitative methods for our approach. 

    As you might expect, there are a lot of differences in how we view the world, decision making, and the current market environment.  Nonetheless, we share a lot of common beliefs as well.   

    Our talk explores a number of interesting areas and concepts.  I encourage you to watch it below

     

     

    To summarize a couple of the key points, markets are not the economy, and normal market dynamics have been out the window for a long time. In addition, part of why you're seeing increased volatility and noise is that there are so many interventions and artificial inputs to our market system.

    While Matt and I may approach the world with very different lenses, we both believe in "timeless wisdom". 

    Ask yourself, What was true yesterday, today, and will stay true tomorrow

    That is part of the reason we focus on emerging technologies and constant innovation … they remain relevant. 

    Something we can both agree on is that if you don't know what your edge is … you don't have one. 

     

    If You Don't Know What Your Edge Is You Don't Have One _GapingVoid

    Hope you enjoyed the video.

    Let me know what other topics you'd like to hear more about. 

    Onwards!